{
  "_meta": {
      "scale": "0 = non-comedogenic, 5 = highly comedogenic. Ratings from published comedogenicity literature (Fulton 1989 rabbit-ear assay lineage and later compilations). Guidance, not gospel: concentration, formulation, and skin type all modulate real-world behavior.",
      "disclaimer": "Educational reference. Not medical advice.",
      "count_note": "Grown from published lists (Fulton 1989 lineage + later compilations). Where values disagree: a named primary source (Fulton 1989) outranks later unattributed lists, so its value is shown and the others are disclosed in the note; where only compilation lists disagree, the higher-caution value is shown. Never invent a rating. A number that traces to no nameable publication is not displayed.",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Reuse freely with attribution to poreclogger.com (https://poreclogger.com/comedogenic-ratings-list/). Ratings are quotations of published literature; the source column names the publication.",
      "fields": "source: where the displayed number comes from — \"Fulton 1989\" (J Soc Cosmet Chem 40:321-333, the original rabbit-ear tables) or \"compilation\" (the widely reproduced 0–5 lists derived from that lineage; no single named table). confidence: \"established\" = primary-source value with no disagreement on record; \"single-source\" = only the compilation lineage, unverified against the original table; \"contested\" = published values disagree or depend on grade/vehicle; the note says which value is shown. Where values disagree: a named primary source (Fulton 1989) outranks later unattributed lists, so its value is shown and the others are disclosed in the note; where only compilation lists disagree, the higher-caution value is shown. category: chemical/functional class from INCI naming (oil, butter, wax, lanolin, fatty-acid, fatty-alcohol, ester, surfactant, silicone, hydrocarbon, botanical, colorant, mineral, humectant, vitamin, active, uv-filter, preservative, solvent, thickener, other). Descriptive only — it carries no rating information and no health claim. Where a substance fits two classes (an ethoxylated ester is both an ester and a surfactant), the functional class wins."
  },
  "ingredients": [
    {"name":"Isopropyl Myristate","rating":5,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["ipm"],"note":"Classic clogger; penetration enhancer."},
    {"name":"Myristyl Myristate","rating":5,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Texture ester, highly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Laureth-4","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, highly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Oleth-3","rating":5,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, highly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Wheat Germ Oil","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["triticum vulgare germ oil","triticum vulgare (wheat) germ oil","triticum aestivum germ oil","triticum aestivum (wheat) germ oil"],"note":"One of the most comedogenic plant oils."},
    {"name":"Algae Extract","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["algae","laminaria digitata extract"],"note":"Rated highly comedogenic in classic lists; species vary."},
    {"name":"Carrageenan","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"thickener","aliases":["chondrus crispus","chondrus crispus extract","irish moss"],"note":"Red-algae thickener, high classic rating."},
    {"name":"Isopropyl Palmitate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":["ipp"],"note":"Common ester, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Isopropyl Isostearate","rating":5,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, highly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Isocetyl Stearate","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, highly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Myristyl Lactate","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Cetearyl Alcohol + Ceteareth-20","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["cetearyl alcohol (and) ceteareth-20"],"note":"The combo rates higher than either alone."},
    {"name":"Coconut Oil","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["cocos nucifera oil","cocos nucifera (coconut) oil","virgin coconut oil"],"note":"Beloved, but strongly comedogenic on facial skin."},
    {"name":"Cocoa Butter","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"butter","aliases":["theobroma cacao seed butter","theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter"],"note":"Rich butter, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Coconut Butter","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"butter","aliases":["cocos nucifera seed butter"],"note":"As comedogenic as the oil."},
    {"name":"Acetylated Lanolin","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"lanolin","aliases":[],"note":"Modified lanolin, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"lanolin","aliases":[],"note":"Graded 4–5 in the original Fulton 1989 paper, attributed to its cetyl acetate content."},
    {"name":"Lauric Acid","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Fatty acid abundant in coconut oil."},
    {"name":"Stearyl Heptanoate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Cetyl Acetate","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Often paired with acetylated lanolin alcohol."},
    {"name":"Hexadecyl Alcohol","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":[],"note":"High classic rating."},
    {"name":"Oleyl Alcohol","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":[],"note":"Fatty alcohol, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Ethylhexyl Palmitate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":["octyl palmitate","2-ethylhexyl palmitate"],"note":"Widely used ester; caution rating."},
    {"name":"Octyl Stearate","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":["ethylhexyl stearate"],"note":"Ester, highly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"PEG 16 Lanolin","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"lanolin","aliases":["peg-16 lanolin"],"note":"Solulan 16; strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Glyceryl Stearate SE","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Self-emulsifying grade rates higher than plain glyceryl stearate."},
    {"name":"Sorbitan Oleate","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, moderate."},
    {"name":"Soybean Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["glycine soja oil","glycine soja (soybean) oil"],"note":"Moderate."},
    {"name":"Peanut Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["arachis hypogaea oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Sesame Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["sesamum indicum oil","sesamum indicum (sesame) seed oil"],"note":"Graded 3 crude / 1 refined in Fulton 1989; cosmetic grades are refined, and compilations cite 2."},
    {"name":"Avocado Oil","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["persea gratissima oil","persea gratissima (avocado) oil"],"note":"Graded 3 crude / 2 refined in Fulton 1989; compilations cite 2, which we keep for cosmetic grades."},
    {"name":"Almond Oil","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["prunus amygdalus dulcis oil","sweet almond oil","prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) oil"],"note":"Graded 2 crude / 1 refined in Fulton 1989."},
    {"name":"Apricot Kernel Oil","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["prunus armeniaca kernel oil"],"note":"Graded 2 crude / 1 refined in Fulton 1989."},
    {"name":"Grapeseed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["vitis vinifera seed oil","vitis vinifera (grape) seed oil"],"note":"Light, low rating."},
    {"name":"Olive Oil","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["olea europaea fruit oil","olea europaea (olive) fruit oil"],"note":"Graded 2 crude / 1 refined in Fulton 1989 — oleic-rich, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Jojoba Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["simmondsia chinensis seed oil","simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil"],"note":"Wax ester; usually fine, low-moderate rating."},
    {"name":"Shea Butter","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["butyrospermum parkii butter","butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter"],"note":"Despite richness, classic lists rate it 0 — low clogging."},
    {"name":"Sunflower Seed Oil","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"oil","aliases":["helianthus annuus seed oil","helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil"],"note":"Linoleic-rich, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Safflower Seed Oil","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"oil","aliases":["carthamus tinctorius seed oil"],"note":"Linoleic-rich, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Argan Oil","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["argania spinosa kernel oil"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Rosehip Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["rosa canina fruit oil","rosa moschata seed oil"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Hemp Seed Oil","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["cannabis sativa seed oil"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Castor Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["ricinus communis seed oil","ricinus communis (castor) seed oil"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Mineral Oil","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"hydrocarbon","aliases":["paraffinum liquidum","liquid paraffin","white mineral oil"],"note":"Fulton 1989 graded 0–2 depending on raw-material source; refined cosmetic grade sits at the low end and is what labels use."},
    {"name":"Petrolatum","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"hydrocarbon","aliases":["petroleum jelly","vaseline"],"note":"Occlusive but non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Squalane","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"hydrocarbon","aliases":[],"note":"Graded 1 in the original Fulton 1989 table; modern compilations cite 0–1. Stable saturated emollient."},
    {"name":"Squalene","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"hydrocarbon","aliases":[],"note":"The unsaturated form rates low-moderate (oxidizes)."},
    {"name":"Dimethicone","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"silicone","aliases":["polydimethylsiloxane"],"note":"Silicone, very low."},
    {"name":"Cyclomethicone","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"silicone","aliases":["cyclopentasiloxane"],"note":"Volatile silicone, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Glycerin","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"humectant","aliases":["glycerine","glycerol"],"note":"Humectant, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Hyaluronic Acid","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"humectant","aliases":["sodium hyaluronate","hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid"],"note":"Humectant, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Niacinamide","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"vitamin","aliases":["nicotinamide","vitamin b3"],"note":"Non-comedogenic active."},
    {"name":"Panthenol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"vitamin","aliases":["pro-vitamin b5","dl-panthenol"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Aloe Vera","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["aloe barbadensis leaf juice","aloe barbadensis leaf extract"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Water","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"solvent","aliases":["aqua","eau","purified water"],"note":"It's water."},
    {"name":"Butylene Glycol","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Solvent/humectant, very low."},
    {"name":"Propylene Glycol","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Humectant, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Pentylene Glycol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":["caprylic capric triglyceride","mct oil","fractionated coconut oil","capric triglyceride"],"note":"Fractionated coconut oil; lightweight ester rated low — the lauric and myristic acids of whole coconut oil are removed."},
    {"name":"Cetyl Alcohol","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":[],"note":"Fatty alcohol, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Cetearyl Alcohol","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":["cetostearyl alcohol"],"note":"Fatty alcohol, low-moderate alone (see combo with ceteareth-20)."},
    {"name":"Stearyl Alcohol","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":[],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Stearic Acid","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Fatty acid, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Palmitic Acid","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Oleic Acid","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Low-moderate in published lists; the main fatty acid of olive and many nut oils."},
    {"name":"Myristic Acid","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Moderate."},
    {"name":"Lanolin","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"lanolin","aliases":["lanolin anhydrous","wool wax","wool grease"],"note":"Anhydrous lanolin is graded 0 in the original Fulton 1989 paper; some later unattributed lists cite 1–2. The acetylated forms are the problem."},
    {"name":"Lanolin Alcohol","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"lanolin","aliases":[],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Beeswax","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"wax","aliases":["cera alba","cera flava"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Candelilla Wax","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"wax","aliases":["euphorbia cerifera wax"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Carnauba Wax","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"wax","aliases":["copernicia cerifera wax"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Glyceryl Stearate","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Common emulsifier, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"PEG-100 Stearate","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Polysorbate 20","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["tween 20"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Polysorbate 80","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["tween 80"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Sodium Lauryl Sulfate","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["sls"],"note":"Rinse-off surfactant; high assay rating and an irritant — matters most in leave-ons."},
    {"name":"Sodium Laureth Sulfate","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["sles","sodium lauryl ether sulfate"],"note":"Moderate; rinse-off context softens it."},
    {"name":"Cocamidopropyl Betaine","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Mild surfactant, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Decyl Oleate","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, moderate."},
    {"name":"Butyl Stearate","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, moderate."},
    {"name":"Isostearyl Isostearate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"PPG-2 Myristyl Propionate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Lauryl Alcohol","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":["dodecanol"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Corn Oil","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"oil","aliases":["zea mays oil","zea mays (corn) oil"],"note":"Moderate."},
    {"name":"Cottonseed Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["gossypium herbaceum seed oil"],"note":"Moderate."},
    {"name":"Evening Primrose Oil","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["oenothera biennis oil"],"note":"Graded 3 in the original Fulton 1989 table; some compilations cite 2."},
    {"name":"Flaxseed Oil","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["linum usitatissimum seed oil","linseed oil"],"note":"Strongly comedogenic in classic lists."},
    {"name":"Palm Oil","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["elaeis guineensis oil"],"note":"Strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Palm Kernel Oil","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["elaeis guineensis kernel oil"],"note":"Strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Macadamia Nut Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["macadamia ternifolia seed oil","macadamia integrifolia seed oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Marula Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["sclerocarya birrea seed oil"],"note":"Moderate; oleic-rich."},
    {"name":"Moringa Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["moringa oleifera seed oil"],"note":"Moderate."},
    {"name":"Sea Buckthorn Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["hippophae rhamnoides oil"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Tamanu Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["calophyllum inophyllum seed oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Neem Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["melia azadirachta seed oil"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Pumpkin Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["cucurbita pepo seed oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Pomegranate Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["punica granatum seed oil"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Raspberry Seed Oil","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["rubus idaeus seed oil"],"note":"Non-comedogenic, linoleic-rich."},
    {"name":"Prickly Pear Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["opuntia ficus-indica seed oil"],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Kukui Nut Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["aleurites moluccana seed oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Emu Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":[],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Mink Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":[],"note":"Moderate."},
    {"name":"Shark Liver Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":[],"note":"Moderate; squalene source."},
    {"name":"Retinyl Palmitate","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":["vitamin a palmitate"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Ascorbyl Palmitate","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Sodium Chloride","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":["salt","sea salt"],"note":"High assay rating; mostly relevant in leave-on products."},
    {"name":"Potassium Chloride","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":[],"note":"High assay rating."},
    {"name":"Talc","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"mineral","aliases":[],"note":"Low."},
    {"name":"Kaolin","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"mineral","aliases":["china clay"],"note":"Non-comedogenic clay."},
    {"name":"Bentonite","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"mineral","aliases":[],"note":"Non-comedogenic clay."},
    {"name":"Zinc Oxide","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"mineral","aliases":[],"note":"Graded 1 in the original Fulton 1989 table; modern lists cite 0."},
    {"name":"Titanium Dioxide","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"mineral","aliases":["ci 77891"],"note":"Non-comedogenic; mineral sunscreen."},
    {"name":"Iron Oxides","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["ci 77491","ci 77492","ci 77499"],"note":"Non-comedogenic pigments."},
    {"name":"Mica","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"mineral","aliases":["ci 77019"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Silica","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"mineral","aliases":["hydrated silica"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Salicylic Acid","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":["bha"],"note":"Anti-comedogenic active."},
    {"name":"Glycolic Acid","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":["aha"],"note":"Non-comedogenic exfoliant."},
    {"name":"Lactic Acid","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":[],"note":"Non-comedogenic exfoliant."},
    {"name":"Benzoyl Peroxide","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":[],"note":"Rated non-comedogenic (0) in published lists."},
    {"name":"Ceramide NP","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":["ceramide 3","ceramides"],"note":"Non-comedogenic barrier lipid."},
    {"name":"Cholesterol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":[],"note":"Barrier lipid, non-comedogenic in formulas."},
    {"name":"Allantoin","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":[],"note":"Non-comedogenic soother."},
    {"name":"Bisabolol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["alpha-bisabolol"],"note":"Non-comedogenic soother."},
    {"name":"Centella Asiatica Extract","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["cica","centella asiatica"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Green Tea Extract","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["camellia sinensis leaf extract"],"note":"Non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Witch Hazel","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["hamamelis virginiana extract","hamamelis virginiana water"],"note":"Non-comedogenic astringent."},
    {"name":"Phenoxyethanol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"preservative","aliases":[],"note":"Preservative, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Ethylhexylglycerin","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"preservative","aliases":[],"note":"Preservative booster, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Xanthan Gum","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"thickener","aliases":[],"note":"Thickener, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Carbomer","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"thickener","aliases":[],"note":"Fulton 1989 graded Carbomer 940 at 1; modern lists cite 0."},
    {"name":"Urea","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Humectant/keratolytic, non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Colloidal Oatmeal","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["avena sativa kernel flour","oat kernel flour"],"note":"Non-comedogenic soother."},
    {"name":"Grape Seed Extract","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["vitis vinifera seed extract"],"note":"Extract (not the oil), non-comedogenic."},
    {"name":"D & C Red Dyes (xanthene/monoazo types)","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red 21","d&c red 27","d&c red 30","d&c red 36","d&c red 3"],"note":"Several D&C red pigments rate moderate in classic lists; common in blushes. Fulton Table II showed the vehicle matters — red #36 graded 3 in mineral oil but 0 in PEG-400."},
    {"name":"Azelaic Acid","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":[],"note":"Rated 0 in published lists."},
    {"name":"Diisostearyl Malate","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Lip-gloss ester, rated low (some compilations say up to 2)."},
    {"name":"Meadowfoam Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["limnanthes alba seed oil","limnanthes alba meadowfoam seed oil"],"note":"Sebum-like lightweight oil, rated 0–1; we list the higher value."},
    {"name":"Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, rated low in published compilations."},
    {"name":"Murumuru Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["astrocaryum murumuru seed butter","astrocaryum murumuru butter"],"note":"Amazonian seed butter, cited 0–2; we keep the higher-caution 2."},
    {"name":"Acetone","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"solvent","aliases":["propanone"],"note":"Solvent; rated 0 in the classic table."},
    {"name":"Algin","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"thickener","aliases":["alginic acid"],"note":"Algae-derived thickener, rated high in classic lists."},
    {"name":"Ascorbic Acid","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"vitamin","aliases":["vitamin c","l-ascorbic acid"],"note":"Vitamin C active, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Benzoic Acid","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"preservative","aliases":[],"note":"Preservative, low-moderate in classic lists."},
    {"name":"Beta Carotene","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"colorant","aliases":[],"note":"Colorant/antioxidant, rated low."},
    {"name":"Calendula Extract","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["calendula officinalis flower extract","calendula"],"note":"Botanical extract, rated low."},
    {"name":"Camphor","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":[],"note":"Low-moderate in classic lists."},
    {"name":"Capric Acid","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Fatty acid, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Caprylic Acid","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Fatty acid, rated low."},
    {"name":"Cetyl Palmitate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester rated 0 in the original Fulton testing."},
    {"name":"Behenyl Erucate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Long-chain ester rated 0 in the original Fulton testing."},
    {"name":"Isopropyl Linoleate","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, strongly comedogenic in the original testing."},
    {"name":"Isopropyl Lanolate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"lanolin","aliases":[],"note":"Lanolin-derived ester, strongly comedogenic."},
    {"name":"Isocetyl Alcohol","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":[],"note":"Branched fatty alcohol, strongly comedogenic in the original testing."},
    {"name":"Isostearyl Neopentanoate","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Ester, rated moderate."},
    {"name":"Octyldodecanol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":["2-octyl dodecanol"],"note":"Branched emollient alcohol, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Colloidal Sulfur","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"active","aliases":[],"note":"Rated moderate in classic lists."},
    {"name":"Ethylparaben","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"preservative","aliases":[],"note":"Preservative, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Propylparaben","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"preservative","aliases":[],"note":"Preservative, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Methylparaben","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"preservative","aliases":[],"note":"Preservative, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Isopropyl Alcohol","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"solvent","aliases":["isopropanol"],"note":"Solvent, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Lanolin Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"lanolin","aliases":[],"note":"Liquid lanolin fraction, rated low."},
    {"name":"Lanolin Wax","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"lanolin","aliases":[],"note":"Wax lanolin fraction, rated low."},
    {"name":"Laureth-23","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, rated moderate."},
    {"name":"Oleth-10","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, low-moderate (oleth-3 rates far higher)."},
    {"name":"Lithium Stearate","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":[],"note":"Stearate salt, rated low."},
    {"name":"Magnesium Stearate","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"other","aliases":[],"note":"Powder binder, rated low."},
    {"name":"Magnesium Aluminum Silicate","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"thickener","aliases":[],"note":"Mineral thickener, rated 0."},
    {"name":"PEG-8 Stearate","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["peg 8 stearate"],"note":"Emulsifier, rated moderate."},
    {"name":"PEG-400","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"humectant","aliases":["polyethylene glycol 400","peg 400"],"note":"Humectant/solvent, rated low."},
    {"name":"Propylene Glycol Monostearate","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"ester","aliases":["propylene glycol stearate"],"note":"Cited 0–3 in the original Fulton testing and up to 4 in later compilations; higher-caution value kept."},
    {"name":"Hexylene Glycol","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"solvent","aliases":[],"note":"Solvent, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Sodium PCA","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Humectant, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Simethicone","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"silicone","aliases":[],"note":"Silicone, rated low."},
    {"name":"Sulfated Castor Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":["turkey red oil"],"note":"Modified castor oil, rated moderate (plain castor oil rates 1)."},
    {"name":"Steareth-2","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Steareth-10","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, strongly comedogenic in classic lists."},
    {"name":"Steareth-20","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Emulsifier, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Abyssinian Seed Oil","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["crambe abyssinica seed oil"],"note":"Light wax-ester-like oil, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Acai Berry Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["euterpe oleracea fruit oil"],"note":"Fruit oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Andiroba Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["carapa guaianensis seed oil"],"note":"Amazonian seed oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Babassu Oil","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["orbignya oleifera seed oil","babassu butter"],"note":"Graded 1 in the original Fulton 1989 table (some later unattributed lists cite 2)."},
    {"name":"Baobab Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["adansonia digitata seed oil"],"note":"Cited 2 in oils compilations."},
    {"name":"Black Currant Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["ribes nigrum seed oil"],"note":"Linoleic-rich, cited 0–1; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Black Cumin Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["nigella sativa seed oil","black seed oil"],"note":"Cited 0–2 across lists; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Blueberry Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["vaccinium angustifolium seed oil"],"note":"Cited 0–1; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Borage Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["borago officinalis seed oil"],"note":"GLA-rich seed oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Brazil Nut Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["bertholletia excelsa seed oil"],"note":"Nut oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Broccoli Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["brassica oleracea italica seed oil"],"note":"Rated low."},
    {"name":"Buriti Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["mauritia flexuosa fruit oil"],"note":"Carotenoid-rich fruit oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Camellia Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["camellia oleifera seed oil","camellia japonica seed oil","tsubaki oil"],"note":"Oleic tea-seed oil, rated low."},
    {"name":"Canola Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["rapeseed oil","brassica napus seed oil"],"note":"Cited 0–1; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Carrot Seed Oil","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["daucus carota sativa seed oil"],"note":"Cited 3–4; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Cherry Kernel Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["prunus avium seed oil"],"note":"Kernel oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Chia Seed Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["salvia hispanica seed oil"],"note":"Conflicting citations (1–3); higher-caution 3 kept."},
    {"name":"Cloudberry Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["rubus chamaemorus seed oil"],"note":"Nordic berry oil, rated low."},
    {"name":"Cranberry Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["vaccinium macrocarpon seed oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Cucumber Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["cucumis sativus seed oil"],"note":"Rated low."},
    {"name":"Guava Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["psidium guajava seed oil"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Hazelnut Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["corylus avellana seed oil"],"note":"Rated low."},
    {"name":"Kalahari Melon Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["citrullus lanatus seed oil kalahari"],"note":"Cited 0–1; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Karanja Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["pongamia glabra seed oil"],"note":"Neem relative, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Kiwi Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["actinidia chinensis seed oil"],"note":"Linolenic-rich, rated low."},
    {"name":"Milk Thistle Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["silybum marianum seed oil"],"note":"Rated low."},
    {"name":"Papaya Seed Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["carica papaya seed oil"],"note":"Cited 2–3; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Passionfruit Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["passiflora edulis seed oil","maracuja oil"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Peach Kernel Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["prunus persica kernel oil"],"note":"Kernel oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Pecan Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["carya illinoensis seed oil"],"note":"Nut oil, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Perilla Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["perilla ocymoides seed oil"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Plum Kernel Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["prunus domestica seed oil"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Poppy Seed Oil","rating":0,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["papaver somniferum seed oil"],"note":"Linoleic-rich, rated 0."},
    {"name":"Rice Bran Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["oryza sativa bran oil","oryza sativa (rice) bran oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Sandalwood Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["santalum spicatum seed oil"],"note":"Graded 2 in the original Fulton 1989 table (some later unattributed lists cite 3)."},
    {"name":"Strawberry Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["fragaria ananassa seed oil"],"note":"Rated low."},
    {"name":"Tea Tree Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"botanical","aliases":["melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil"],"note":"Essential oil, low-moderate; typically used in small amounts."},
    {"name":"Tomato Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"oil","aliases":["solanum lycopersicum seed oil"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Walnut Oil","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["juglans regia seed oil"],"note":"Cited 1–3 across lists; higher-caution 3 kept."},
    {"name":"Watermelon Seed Oil","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["citrullus lanatus seed oil"],"note":"Cited 0–1; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Kokum Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["garcinia indica seed butter"],"note":"Cited 0–2 across lists; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Cupuacu Butter","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["theobroma grandiflorum seed butter"],"note":"Conflicting citations (1–4); higher-caution 4 kept."},
    {"name":"Illipe Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["shorea stenoptera seed butter"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Tucuma Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["astrocaryum tucuma seed butter"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Ucuuba Butter","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["virola sebifera seed butter"],"note":"Cited 2–3; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Sal Butter","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["shorea robusta seed butter"],"note":"Rated low."},
    {"name":"Kombo Butter","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["pycnanthus angolensis seed butter"],"note":"Cited 2–3; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Aloe Butter","rating":1,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":[],"note":"Aloe extract in a coconut-derived base, cited 0–1; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Coffee Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["coffea arabica seed butter"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Mafura Butter","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["trichilia emetica seed butter"],"note":"Cited 2–3; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Avocado Butter","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["persea gratissima butter"],"note":"Richer processed form; cited higher than avocado oil."},
    {"name":"Olive Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["olea europaea butter"],"note":"Processed olive-oil butter, low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Macadamia Butter","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["macadamia ternifolia seed butter"],"note":"Cited 2–3; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Pistachio Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["pistacia vera seed butter"],"note":"Low-moderate."},
    {"name":"Almond Butter","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["prunus amygdalus dulcis butter"],"note":"Low-moderate, like the oil."},
    {"name":"Bacuri Butter","rating":4,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"butter","aliases":["platonia insignis seed butter"],"note":"Cited high in butter compilations."},
    {"name":"Mango Butter","rating":3,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"butter","aliases":["mangifera indica seed butter"],"note":"Cited 2–3; higher kept."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 17","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 17","ci 26100"],"note":"Azo dye, rated moderate in classic lists."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 19","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 19","ci 45170"],"note":"Dye, low-moderate in classic lists."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 4","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 4","ci 14700"],"note":"Graded 2 in the original Fulton 1989 table."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 6","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 6","ci 15850"],"note":"Dye, rated low."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 7","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 7","ci 15850:1"],"note":"Dye, rated low."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 9","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 9","ci 15585:1"],"note":"Dye, rated low."},
    {"name":"Blackberry Seed Oil","rating":2,"source":"compilation","confidence":"contested","category":"oil","aliases":["rubus fruticosus seed oil"],"note":"Cited 1–2; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Laneth-10","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"lanolin","aliases":["laneth 10"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2 — moderately ethoxylated lanolin."},
    {"name":"Eicosanoic Acid","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":["arachidic acid"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2; long-chain fatty acid."},
    {"name":"Behenic Acid","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 — long chains rate low."},
    {"name":"Cetyl Esters","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["cetyl ester nf","synthetic spermaceti"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"Diethylhexyl Succinate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"ester","aliases":["di(2-ethylhexyl) succinate","dioctyl succinate"],"note":"Graded 2 in the original Fulton 1989 table, where it appears as dioctyl succinate (some later unattributed lists cite 3)."},
    {"name":"Diethylhexyl Malate","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["dioctyl malate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 3."},
    {"name":"Diisopropyl Adipate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Diisopropyl Dimer Dilinoleate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["diisopropyl dimerate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Ethylhexyl Pelargonate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["octyl pelargonate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"Isodecyl Oleate","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2–3 depending on source; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Myristyl Alcohol","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"fatty-alcohol","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2 (its irritancy graded higher)."},
    {"name":"Octyldodecyl Stearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 — large esters rate low."},
    {"name":"Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Tridecyl Neopentanoate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"SD Alcohol 40","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"solvent","aliases":["alcohol denat","denatured alcohol"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Propylene Glycol Caprylate/Caprate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["pg caprylate/caprate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Caprate","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"Propylene Glycol Laurate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 for comedogenicity (irritancy graded higher)."},
    {"name":"Glycol Stearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["ethylene glycol monostearate","glycol monostearate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Sorbitol","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Sorbitan Laurate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1–2 depending on source; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Sorbitan Sesquioleate","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0–1 depending on source; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Sorbitan Stearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Sorbitan Isostearate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1–2 depending on source; higher kept."},
    {"name":"Glycereth-26","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["pentaerythritol tetraisostearate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"Wheat Germ Glyceride","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["wheat germ glycerides"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 3."},
    {"name":"Sucrose Distearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Sucrose Stearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["peg 120 methyl glucose dioleate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"PEG-20 Stearate","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["peg 20 stearate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"PEG-150 Distearate","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["peg 150 distearate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"PEG-200 Dilaurate","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["peg 200 dilaurate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 3."},
    {"name":"Oleth-5","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 3 (oleth-3 rates 5; ethoxylation lowers the grade)."},
    {"name":"Oleth-20","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"Triacetin","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["glyceryl triacetate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"PPG-5-Ceteth-10 Phosphate","rating":4,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["ppg 5 ceteth 10 phosphate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 4."},
    {"name":"Ceresin","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"wax","aliases":["ceresin wax"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Emulsifying Wax NF","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["emulsifying wax"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 for comedogenicity."},
    {"name":"Carboxymethylcellulose","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"thickener","aliases":["cellulose gum","sodium carboxymethylcellulose"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Hydroxypropylcellulose","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"thickener","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"PVP","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"thickener","aliases":["polyvinylpyrrolidone"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Phytantriol","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"humectant","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"Chamomile Extract","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"botanical","aliases":["chamomilla recutita flower extract","chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Tocopheryl Acetate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"ester","aliases":["vitamin e acetate"],"note":"Esterified vitamin E, the common form in products — graded 0 in the original Fulton 1989 table. Plain tocopherol has no published-lineage rating."},
    {"name":"Hydrogenated Polyisobutene","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"hydrocarbon","aliases":["hydrogenated polyisobutane"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1 — common mineral-oil alternative emollient."},
    {"name":"Hydrogenated Castor Oil","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"oil","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1, same as plain castor oil."},
    {"name":"Chaulmoogra Oil","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"oil","aliases":["hydnocarpus oil"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"Maleated Soybean Oil","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"oil","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 — modification drops soybean oil's grade."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 33","rating":1,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 33","ci 17200"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 1."},
    {"name":"D&C Red 40","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["d&c red no. 40","red 40","ci 16035"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"Ultramarine Violet","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["ultramarines","ci 77007"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Carmine","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"colorant","aliases":["ci 75470","cochineal"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Soya Sterol","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"other","aliases":["glycine soja sterols","soy sterol"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"PEG-5 Soya Sterol","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["peg 5 soya sterol"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Choleth-24","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["choleth 24"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Black Walnut Extract","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"botanical","aliases":["juglans nigra shell extract"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Padimate O","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"uv-filter","aliases":["octyl dimethyl paba","ethylhexyl dimethyl paba"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 (tested as octyl dimethyl PABA)."},
    {"name":"Oxybenzone","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"uv-filter","aliases":["benzophenone-3"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Octinoxate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"uv-filter","aliases":["octyl methoxycinnamate","ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 (tested as octyl methoxycinnamate)."},
    {"name":"Octisalate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"uv-filter","aliases":["octyl salicylate","ethylhexyl salicylate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 (tested as octyl salicylate)."},
    {"name":"Ethoxydiglycol","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"solvent","aliases":["diethylene glycol monoethyl ether"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Zinc Stearate","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"other","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 — the zinc salt drops stearate's grade."},
    {"name":"Triethanolamine","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"other","aliases":["tea","trolamine"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2."},
    {"name":"TEA-Stearate","rating":3,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["stearic acid tea","triethanolamine stearate"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 3."},
    {"name":"Aminomethyl Propanol","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"other","aliases":["amp","2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0."},
    {"name":"Hydrolyzed Collagen","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"other","aliases":["hydrolyzed animal protein"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 (tested as hydrolyzed animal protein)."},
    {"name":"Precipitated Sulfur","rating":0,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"active","aliases":[],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 0 — unlike colloidal sulfur (3)."},
    {"name":"Ceteareth-20","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"established","category":"surfactant","aliases":["ceteareth 20"],"note":"Graded in the original Fulton 1989 table at 2 alone; the cetearyl-alcohol combo grades 4."},
    {"name":"Caproic Acid","rating":2,"source":"Fulton 1989","confidence":"contested","category":"fatty-acid","aliases":["hexanoic acid"],"note":"Fulton 1989 Table III graded it 0 in a volatile solvent and 2 in an oil vehicle; higher-caution 2 kept."},
    {"name":"Lanolin Acid","rating":5,"source":"compilation","confidence":"single-source","category":"lanolin","aliases":["lanolin fatty acids"],"note":"Rated 5 in reproductions of Fulton's early rabbit-ear surveys (the isolated lanolin fatty-acid fraction, far above whole lanolin); not verified against an original paper."}
  ],
  "removed": [
    {"name":"Tocopherol (Vitamin E)","slug":"tocopherol","see":"tocopheryl-acetate","reason":"Circulated lists grade plain vitamin E 2–3, but none of those numbers traces to a named publication, so this site does not display one. The common ester form in products, tocopheryl acetate, is graded 0 in the original Fulton 1989 table."},
    {"name":"Magnesium Myristate","slug":"magnesium-myristate","see":"myristyl-myristate","reason":"No published comedogenicity rating exists for magnesium myristate — circulated numbers trace to no named publication, so this site does not display one. It is not the same material as myristyl myristate."},
    {"name":"Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate","slug":"polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate","see":null,"reason":"Ratings circulated for this emulsifier range from 1 to 4, but none traces to a named publication, so this site does not display one."},
    {"name":"Dioctyl Succinate","slug":"dioctyl-succinate","redirect":"diethylhexyl-succinate"}
  ]
}